Basic standardized chart of accounts.
This chart of accounts is compatible with IFRS, US GAAP and other, comparable accounting standards.
A number of EU member states, for example France and Germany, mandate a chart of accounts.
Similar rules may be found in China, Russia, OHADA member states and elsewhere.
Required by French law
Required by German law
In these jurisdictions, deviating from the prescribed COA may not be permissible or only in specific scenarios.
For example, French (link: anc.gouv.fr) accounting standard Art. 1222-70 (view pdf) states: "Les montants des ventes, des prestations de services, des produits afférents aux activités annexes sont enregistrés au crédit des comptes 701 « Ventes de produits finis », 702 « Ventes de produits intermédiaires », 703 « Ventes de produits résiduels », 704 « Travaux », 705 « Études », 706 « Prestations de services », 707 « Ventes de marchandises » et 708 « Produits des activités annexes ». Les rabais, remises et ristournes accordés hors facture ou qui ne sont pas rattachables à une vente déterminée sont portés au débit du compte 709 « Rabais, remises et ristournes accordés ». Version 1er janvier 2026 Page 180 sur 181 Même lorsqu'ils sont déduits sur la facture de vente, les escomptes de règlement sont comptabilisés au débit du compte 665 « Escomptes accordés »."
Deviating from the French COA by not using accounts 701 to 708 would be inconsistent with this legislation.
Some jurisdictions allow or require certain entities to apply IFRS alongside, or in place of, national GAAP in certain scenarios. In such jurisdictions, the COAs presented here could be used provided they do not conflict with other legislation.
For example, in the Czech Republic, the Accounting Act 563/1991 paragraph §19a (1) states:
"An [unconsolidated] entity that is a trading company and is an issuer of investment securities admitted to trading on a European regulated market shall apply international accounting standards regulated by European Union law (hereinafter referred to as "international accounting standards") for accounting and the preparation of financial statements" [paragraph § 23a requires IFRS at the consolidated entity level].
This implies, if the COA presented here is used for IFRS bookkeeping purposes and IFRS recognition guidance is applied correctly, it may (implicitly) be used in place of the chart of accounts mandated by the same law but only by a trading company (consolidated entity) that is an issuer of investment securities admitted to trading on a European regulated market.
Nevertheless, the Income Tax Act 586/1992 §23 (2) states:
"The tax base is determined a) from the net income (profit or loss), always without the influence of International Accounting Standards, for taxpayers required to maintain accounts. A taxpayer that prepares financial statements in accordance with International Accounting Standards regulated by European Community shall apply for the purposes of this Act to determine net income and to determine other data decisive for determining the tax base a special legal regulation [CZ GAAP]). When determining the tax base, entries in off-balance sheet account books are not taken into account, unless otherwise provided in this Act. ..."
Thus, since Czech accounting law assumes the mandated chart of accounts will be used for accounting purposes, if a different chart of accounts is used, it will need to yield the same result as if the mandated chart of accounts were used. While this is not impossible with careful mapping and associated adjustments, it is generally more practical to use the mandated national GAAP COA for Czech accounting and taxation purposes, and a separate IFRS compatible COA for IFRS recognition, measurement, reporting, and disclosure purposes.
This site strongly encourages users to consult qualified, national experts before using its COAs for external, particularly tax and/or statutory, reporting purposes.
As such, it may be used in a dual-reporting environment ⚠.
Due to its liquidity, numerous entities have a secondary listing on a US capital market. While the SEC does allow foreign private issuers to present IFRS financial reports to US investors, these have traditionally applied a discount to entities not publishing US GAAP financial reports. Consequently, a significant number of dual filers publish a US GAAP report alongside an IFRS or national GAAP report. Using a chart of accounts designed for dual reporting purposes make this approach more practical.
This standardized COA may be used for dual reporting purposes.
However, adjustments will be necessary.
While comparable, IFRS and US GAAP are not identical. It is thus not reasonable to run the generate IFRS statements | GAAP statements script (downloadable on this page) on the same trial balance and expect results fully compliant with IFRS and US GAAP for both iterations.
The illustrative example section discusses and illustrates the most pertinent differences between IFRS and US GAAP.
This standardized COA is also suitable for private entities without an IFRS | US GAAP reporting obligation.
However, if used as a basis for tax reporting, adequate adjustments reflecting the specific tax laws of each particular jurisdiction will be necessary.
Pro grade charts of accounts are available in xlsx format in :
The COA files are downloadable in .xlsx format.
Import into some ERP systems may require a CSV format.
As the COAs already utilize the comma, instead of saving as CSV in Excel the COA should be saved as tab-delimited text for best results.
Alternatively, install Python (with Pandas and Openpyxl libraries) and download this file Excel-to-CSV.zip.
Rename the COA to 'Excel-TSV-Input.xlsx' and run the script.
Note: conversion to CSV strips the formatting necessary for the scripts on this page to function as designed. Use the Depth column to rebuild the hierarchy, before running these scripts.
| Account title | Account # | Depth | Balance | 1 |
| Assets | 1 | 0 | Dr | 2 |
| Cash and financial assets | 1.1 | 1 | Dr | 3 |
| Cash and cash equivalents | 1.1.1 | 2 | Dr | 4 |
| Financial assets and investments | 1.1.2 | 2 | Dr | 5 |
| Receivables and contracts | 1.2 | 1 | Dr | 6 |
| Accounts, notes and loans receivable | 1.2.1 | 2 | Dr | 7 |
| Contracts with customers | 1.2.2 | 2 | Dr | 8 |
| Nontrade and other receivables | 1.2.3 | 2 | Dr | 9 |
| Inventory | 1.3 | 1 | Dr | 10 |
| Merchandise | 1.3.1 | 2 | Dr | 11 |
| Raw material, parts and supplies | 1.3.2 | 2 | Dr | 12 |
| Work in process | 1.3.3 | 2 | Dr | 13 |
| Finished goods | 1.3.4 | 2 | Dr | 14 |
| Other inventory | 1.3.5 | 2 | Dr | 15 |
| Accruals and additional assets | 1.4 | 1 | Dr | 16 |
| Prepaid expense | 1.4.1 | 2 | Dr | 17 |
| Accrued income | 1.4.2 | 2 | Dr | 18 |
| Service provider work in process (classified as accrual) | 1.4.3 | 2 | Dr | 19 |
| Additional assets | 1.4.4 | 2 | Dr | 20 |
| Property, plant and equipment | 1.5 | 1 | Dr | 21 |
| Land and land improvements | 1.5.1 | 2 | Dr | 22 |
| Buildings, structures and improvements | 1.5.2 | 2 | Dr | 23 |
| Machinery and equipment | 1.5.3 | 2 | Dr | 24 |
| Furniture and fixtures | 1.5.4 | 2 | Dr | 25 |
| Right of use assets (Classified as PP&E) | 1.5.5 | 2 | Dr | 26 |
As outlined in IFRS 16.47.a.i, an ROU should be classified like the underlying asset if that asset were owned (unless the ROU is presented separately). Thus, the right to use, for example, a building, would be presented in PP&E while the right to use a patent would be intangible (below).
While the ASC does not provide similarly explicit guidance, the FASB-defined XBRL taxonomy includes PropertyPlantAndEquipmentAndFinanceLeaseRightOfUseAssetAfterAccumulatedDepreciationAndAmortizationAbstract.
This implies that an ROU associated with an underlying asset that is PP&E should be recognized as PP&E.
Since the guidance provided by the ASC (specifically 842-20-45-1 through 3) does not preclude presenting an ROU within PP&E, this account would be consistent with that guidance.
Note: provided the right-of-use asset is recognised on the balance sheet, the guidance is flexible about how it is presented. For example, a leased building may be presented within the “Buildings” line item rather than on a separate “right-of-use asset” line, as long as the notes explain that the amount relates to a leased (right-of-use) building rather than an owned building. From an internal accounting perspective, the building could thus be posted either to the Buildings account with a metadata flag indicating that it is an ROU or to the ROU account with metadata describing the underlying asset as a building.
| Additional property, plant and equipment | 1.5.6 | 2 | Dr | 27 |
| Agricultural biological assets | 1.5.7 | 2 | Dr | 28 |
| Construction in progress | 1.5.8 | 2 | Dr | 29 |
| Intangible assets excluding goodwill | 1.6 | 1 | Dr | 30 |
| Intellectual property | 1.6.1 | 2 | Dr | 31 |
| Computer software | 1.6.2 | 2 | Dr | 32 |
| Trade and distribution assets | 1.6.3 | 2 | Dr | 33 |
| Contracts and rights | 1.6.4 | 2 | Dr | 34 |
| Right of Use Assets | 1.6.5 | 2 | Dr | 35 |
A right to use an asset is a contractual right. Thus, the right-to-use asset (ROU) is, strictly speaking, always intangible. Nevertheless, as outlined in IFRS 16.47.a.i, an ROU should be classified (unless it is presented separately) in the same way as the underlying asset if it were owned. Thus, an ROU of a building would be presented in PP&E (above) while an ROU of a patent would be presented here.
Since ASC 842-20-45-1 and 2 do not preclude recognizing the right to use an intangible asset as an ROU within intangible assets (provided financial and operating ROUs are not mixed as outlined in ASC 842-20-45-3) it would not be incorrect to recognize those ROUs here.
Note: provided the right-of-use asset is recognised on the balance sheet, the guidance is flexible about how it is presented. For example, a leased patent may be presented within the “Patents” group or as a standalone "Patent" rather than as a separate “right-to-use patent” item, as long as the notes explain that the amount relates to a leased (right-of-use) asset rather than an owned asset. From an internal accounting perspective, a patent could thus be posted either to the Patents account, with a metadata flag indicating that it is an ROU, or to an ROU account, with metadata describing the underlying asset as a patent.
| Crypto assets | 1.6.6 | 2 | Dr | 36 |
While crypto assets have more in common with financial assets than intangible assets, ASC 350-60-15-1.a defines: a. Meet the definition of intangible assets as defined in the Codification ... d. Are secured through cryptography... The 2026 FASB-approved XBRL taxonomy (link) likewise places CryptoAssetFairValue on the balance sheet as a separate line item directly below intangible assets and above right-of-use assets.
For its part, the 2026 FASB-approved XBRL taxonomy (link) places both FinanceLeaseRightOfUseAsset and OperatingLeaseRightOfUseAsset following intangible asset and immediately following crypto assets. This suggests the FASB would prefer if ROAs were classified as intangible.
IFRS does not specifically discuss Crypto but the IFRIC (June 2019 agenda decision) concluded that typical cryptocurrencies meet the definition of an intangible asset under IAS 38, unless they are held for sale in the ordinary course of business, in which case IAS 2 (inventories) applies.
| Additional intangible assets | 1.6.7 | 2 | Dr | 37 |
| Acquisition in progress | 1.6.8 | 2 | Dr | 38 |
| Goodwill | 1.7 | 1 | Dr | 39 |
| Liabilities | 2 | 0 | (Cr) | 40 |
| Payables | 2.1 | 1 | (Cr) | 41 |
| Trade payables | 2.1.1 | 2 | (Cr) | 42 |
| Interest payable | 2.1.2 | 2 | (Cr) | 44 |
| Dividends payable | 2.1.3 | 2 | (Cr) | 45 |
| Other payables | 2.1.4 | 2 | (Cr) | 46 |
| Payables (foreign currency) | 2.1.5 | 2 | (Cr) | 47 |
| Accruals, deferrals and additional liabilities | 2.2 | 1 | (Cr) | 48 |
| Accrued expenses | 2.2.1 | 2 | (Cr) | 49 |
| Deferred revenue and refund liabilities | 2.2.2 | 2 | (Cr) | 50 |
| Construction projects (special accounts) | 2.2.3 | 2 | (Cr) | 51 |
| Taxes other than payroll | 2.2.4 | 2 | (Cr) | 52 |
| Additional liabilities | 2.2.5 | 2 | (Cr) | 53 |
| Financial liabilities | 2.3 | 1 | (Cr) | 54 |
| Notes payable | 2.3.1 | 2 | (Cr) | 55 |
| Loans payable | 2.3.2 | 2 | (Cr) | 56 |
| Bonds, debentures | 2.3.3 | 2 | (Cr) | 57 |
| Other debts and liabilities | 2.3.4 | 2 | (Cr) | 58 |
| Lease obligations | 2.3.5 | 2 | (Cr) | 59 |
| Derivative liabilities | 2.3.6 | 2 | (Cr) | 60 |
| Provisions, contingencies | 2.4 | 1 | (Cr) | 61 |
| Customer related | 2.4.1 | 2 | (Cr) | 62 |
| Litigation and regulatory | 2.4.2 | 2 | (Cr) | 63 |
| Additional obligations | 2.4.3 | 2 | (Cr) | 64 |
| Equity | 3 | 0 | (Cr) | 65 |
| Stockholders equity | 3.1 | 1 | (Cr) | 66 |
| Stockholders equity at par | 3.1.1 | 2 | (Cr) | 67 |
| Additional paid-in capital | 3.1.2 | 2 | (Cr) | 68 |
| Retained earnings | 3.2 | 1 | (Cr) | 69 |
| Appropriated | 3.2.1 | 2 | (Cr) | 70 |
| Unappropriated | 3.2.2 | 2 | (Cr) | 71 |
| Deficit | 3.2.3 | 2 | Dr | 72 |
| In suspense | 3.2.4 | 2 | Zero | 73 |
| Accumulated other comprehensive income | 3.3 | 1 | Dr or (Cr) | 74 |
| Accumulated OCI (US GAAP) | 3.3.1 | 2 | Dr or (Cr) | 75 |
| Accumulated OCI, reserves (IFRS) | 3.3.2 | 2 | Dr or (Cr) | 76 |
| Miscellaneous equity (IFRS) | 3.3.3 | 2 | Dr or (Cr) | 77 |
| Other equity items | 3.4 | 1 | Dr or (Cr) | 78 |
| ESOP related items | 3.4.1 | 2 | (Cr) | 79 |
| Stock receivables | 3.4.2 | 2 | Dr | 80 |
| Treasury stock | 3.4.3 | 2 | Dr | 81 |
| Additional equity items | 3.4.4 | 2 | (Cr) | 82 |
| Owners equity | 3.5 | 1 | (Cr) | 83 |
| Partner's capital | 3.5.1 | 2 | (Cr) | 84 |
| Member's equity | 3.5.2 | 2 | (Cr) | 85 |
| Non-share equity | 3.5.3 | 2 | (Cr) | 86 |
| Non-controlling minority interest | 3.6 | 1 | (Cr) | 87 |
| Revenue | 4 | 0 | (Cr) | 88 |
| Recognized point of time | 4.1 | 1 | (Cr) | 89 |
| Goods | 4.1.1 | 2 | (Cr) | 90 |
| Services | 4.1.2 | 2 | (Cr) | 91 |
| Recognized over time | 4.2 | 1 | (Cr) | 92 |
| Products and projects | 4.2.1 | 2 | (Cr) | 93 |
| Services | 4.2.2 | 2 | (Cr) | 94 |
| Adjustments | 4.3 | 1 | Dr | 95 |
| Variable consideration | 4.3.1 | 2 | Dr | 96 |
| Consideration paid payable to customers | 4.3.2 | 2 | Dr | 97 |
| Other adjustments | 4.3.3 | 2 | Dr | 98 |
| Expenses | 5 | 0 | Dr | 99 |
| Expenses (classified by nature) | 5.1 | 1 | Dr | 100 |
| Material and merchandise | 5.1.1 | 2 | Dr | 101 |
| Employee benefits | 5.1.2 | 2 | Dr | 102 |
| Services | 5.1.3 | 2 | Dr | 103 |
| Rent, depreciation, amortization and depletion | 5.1.4 | 2 | Dr | 104 |
| Increase or decrease in inventories (IFRS only) | 5.1.5 | 2 | Dr or (Cr) | 105 |
| Work performed by entity and capitalized (IFRS only) | 5.1.6 | 2 | Dr | 106 |
| Expenses (classified by function) | 5.2 | 1 | Dr | 107 |
For accounting purposes, expenses should be recognized by nature and their function treated as a reporting attribute.
In practice, however, expenses are occasionally both recognized and reported by function even though this leads to duplicate accounts such as Employee benefits: Production, Employee benefits: Sales, Employee benefits: Administration or Depreciation: Production equipment, Depreciation: Sales equipment, Depreciation: Office equipment.
While not disallowed, this approach is not recommended as it results in an untidfy G/L.
Nevertheless, as it is not explicitly disallowed, this approach could theoretically be used. As such, it has to be included in this COA as a possible option even though it will almost certainly not ever be used in a real-world setting.
Note: both nature of expense and function of expense classification cannot, obviously, be used for recognition purposes at the same time as this would lead to expense double counting.
| Cost of sales | 5.2.1 | 2 | Dr | 108 |
| Selling, general and administrative | 5.2.2 | 2 | Dr | 109 |
| Other non-operating income and expenses | 6 | 0 | Dr or (Cr) | 110 |
| Other revenue and expenses | 6.1 | 1 | Dr or (Cr) | 111 |
| Other revenue | 6.1.1 | 2 | (Cr) | 112 |
| Other expenses | 6.1.2 | 2 | Dr | 113 |
| Gains and losses | 6.2 | 1 | Dr or (Cr) | 114 |
| Taxes other than income and payroll and fees | 6.3 | 1 | Dr | 115 |
| Income tax expense or benefit | 6.4 | 1 | Dr or (Cr) | 116 |
| Intercompany and related party accounts | 7 | 0 | Dr or (Cr) | 117 |
| Intercompany and related party assets | 7.1 | 1 | Dr | 118 |
| Intercompany balances eliminated in consolidation | 7.1.1 | 2 | Dr | 119 |
| Related party balances reported or disclosed | 7.1.2 | 2 | Dr | 120 |
| Intercompany investments | 7.1.3 | 2 | Dr | 121 |
| Intercompany and related party liabilities | 7.2 | 1 | (Cr) | 122 |
| Intercompany balances eliminated in consolidation | 7.2.1 | 2 | (Cr) | 123 |
| Related party balances reported or disclosed | 7.2.2 | 2 | (Cr) | 124 |
| Intercompany and related party income and expense | 7.3 | 1 | Dr or (Cr) | 125 |
| Intercompany and related party income | 7.3.1 | 2 | (Cr) | 126 |
| Intercompany and related party expenses | 7.3.2 | 2 | Dr | 127 |
| Income loss from equity method investments | 7.3.3 | 2 | Dr or (Cr) | 128 |
This version of the basic COA is formatted so it can be copied into Excel.
The additional versions illustrated on this page are available for download in .
Updated: May 2026.
The XBRL version has been updated with cross-references to the 2026 FASB issued XBRL taxonomy.
All remaining versions were updated to better reflect upcoming IFRS 18 even though the IASB has decided to not update the 2025 taxonomy.
The COA published on this page may be republished provided the following citation is provided:
The COAs on this page provide a perfectly adequate, ready‑made fit.
However, some companies prefer a bespoke solution.
Prices for custom COAs matched to individual needs start at €1,000.
Prices for complete financial reports including validated XBRL tagging start at €10,000.
Please contact us to discuss a solution tailored to your company's needs.